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<title>Anhelli</title>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-book vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Anhelli </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page of the first edition of <i>Anhelli</i>, 1838</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Juliusz Słowacki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Polish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Prose_poetry" title="Prose poetry">prose poetry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">Księgarnia i Drukarnia Polska</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1838</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="France" title="France">France</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><i><b>Anhelli</b></i> is a <a href="Prose_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Prose poem">prose poem</a> written by Polish <a href="Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic-era</a> poet and dramatist <a href="Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Juliusz Słowacki</a> in 1837 and published the following year in <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The poem was written in the spring of 1837 in an Armenian monastery known as Betcheszban (Resting Place of the Dead) in <a href="Ghazir" title="Ghazir">Ghazir</a>, a town in the mountains of <a href="Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Słowacki wrote that he created the poem "full of those feelings and thoughts, which were freshly inspired in me by the <a href="Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> and a night spent by the <a href="Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">tomb of Jesus</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem was edited in <a href="Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and published in <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1838 in the Polish Library and Printing Press located at Marais Saint-Germain No 17. The print on the 108 pages of the poem was produced by Bourgogne et Martinet printing house. Słowacki dedicated his work to Stefan Hołyński.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The poem conveys a <a href="Pessimism" title="Pessimism">pessimistic</a> vision of the future of Polish emigration and the fight for the country's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It directly alludes to <a href="Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a>'s <i>Books of the Polish Nation and Polish Pilgrimage</i> by employing stylized <a href="Bible" title="Bible">biblical</a> prose. It portrays antagonized Polish exiles who are destined for destruction in the realities of <a href="Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, a place strongly associated with the <a href="Martyrology" title="Martyrology">martyrology</a> of the <a href="Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish nation</a>. It sends a <a href="Polish_Messianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Messianism">messianistic</a> message and poses the question whether the whole nation can ever be saved by an individual or an entire generation of emigrants.

</p><p><i>Anhelli</i> served as inspiration for the <a href="Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> of the same name by <a href="Ludomir_R%C3%B3%C5%BCycki" title="Ludomir Różycki">Ludomir Różycki</a> composed in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem is also the basis of <i>Anhelli. The Calling</i>, the last part of a theatrical triptych <i>Gospels of Childhood</i> produced by <a href="Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>-based ZAR Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>The main plot of the work revolves around the journey through Siberia undertaken by the titular character, a youth named Anhelli, and his guide Shaman, leader of a Siberian tribe. Anhelli was chosen by Shaman from Polish exiles as the redeemer because of his "purity and sinlessness" and he was to be subjected to an initiation by taking part in a journey to see the suffering of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siberia is portrayed in Słowacki's poem as "white hell" for Polish exiles, a place of execution and spiritual downfall. The main characters wander through various places from deserts and abandoned graveyards through forests to the dark mines of Siberia. Their journey is reminiscent of <a href="Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Dante's journey through hell</a> where the main protagonist, accompanied by <a href="Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, crosses the circles of hell meeting the <a href="Damnation" title="Damnation">damned</a> along the way.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polish exiles are depicted as travelling across a deserted, hostile and hellish country, working hard in mines, suffering in cold dungeons with shackles on their legs and enduring beatings and humiliation. Their children are starving and are subjected to forced <a href="Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Anhelli and Shaman's journey starts from the House of Exiles and was supposed to end there as well. However, Shaman's death resulting from a fight among the exiles forces Anhelli to embark on another journey to a faraway desert in the north where he dwells in a hut carved out from ice. Upon the death of Ellenai, a <a href="Penitence" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitence">penitent</a> and Anhelli's exiled companion, he is visited by two angels heralding the end of the world as well as his own death. Soon after, he also passes away and is not awakened by the call of the armoured Knight to resurrect and take revenge on the oppressors.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><i>Anhelli (Before His Death)</i> by <a href="Witold_Pruszkowski" title="Witold Pruszkowski">Witold Pruszkowski</a>, 1889<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Ellenai</i> by <a href="Jacek_Malczewski" title="Jacek Malczewski">Jacek Malczewski</a>, 1908</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Farewell to Europe</i>, by <a href="Aleksander_Sochaczewski" title="Aleksander Sochaczewski">Aleksander Sochaczewski</a> depicting <a href="Sybirak" title="Sybirak">Sybiraks</a>, 1894</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="The_Prisoners_(painting)" title="The Prisoners (painting)">The Prisoners</a></i>, Jacek Malczewski, 1883</div>

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<ul><li><a href="Polish_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish poets">Polish poets</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Bards" title="Three Bards">Three Bards</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Kordian" title="Kordian">Kordian</a></i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFReintzenheim1862" class="citation book cs1">Reintzenheim, Józef (1862). <i>Juliusz Słowacki</i>. Paris. p. 12.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKleiner1862" class="citation book cs1">Kleiner, J. (1862). <i>Introduction to Anhelli in Dzieła wszystkie</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlibra.umcs.lublin.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=1659">"Anhelli"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michal.kosmulski.org/slowacki/">"Biography of Juliusz Słowacki"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pwm.com.pl/pl/wypozyczenia/utwory-wg-kategorii/publikacja/anhelli,ludomir-rozycki,10964,wypozyczenia.htm">"Różycki Ludomir. Anhelli, poemat symfoniczny"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culture.pl/en/event/zar-theatres-anhelli-the-calling-in-spain">"ZAR Theatre's "Anhelli. The Calling" in Spain"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poezja.org/wz/interpretacja/5264/Anhelli_charakterystyka">"Anhelli - charakterystyka - Juliusz Słowacki"</a>. <i>poezja.org</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poezja.org/wz/interpretacja/5255/Anhelli_streszczenie">"Anhelli - streszczenie - Juliusz Słowacki"</a>. <i>poezja.org</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGutthy2009" class="citation news cs1">Gutthy, Agnieszka (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=88Fh3scR-U0C&q=anhelli+by+juliusz+s%C5%82owacki+prose+poem&pg=PA62">"Literature in Exile of East and Central Europe"</a>. Peter Lang. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781433104909</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plitonline.it/2018/plit-9-2018-4-27-milena-chilinska">"Reception of the poem Anhelli by Juliusz Słowacki in Witold Pruszkowski's paintings"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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